Showing posts with label Welcome to islam. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Welcome to islam. Show all posts
Monday, November 19, 2012
What Islam offers the Earth
One
of the amazing things that strike the reader of the Quran is its
significant and multifaceted emphasis on the relationship of man to the
environment. This is not merely about self, family and surroundings.
It’s about the whole universe—heavens and earth—and all of Allaah’s
magnificent creation in them. I'm talking about all the constituents of
what some call "nature," and down to the details: It’s geological
foundations, waters, steady and violent shifts and movements, and its
countless, varied forms of life and existence, and how it cycles and
sustains them.
I
know many scientists whom the Quran simply over-awed once they realized
what it says about life, nature, and the universe. They were seized by
the literally hundreds of Quranic verses that discuss and give guidance
about the issues of the environment—all the ones we are suddenly talking
about today, and plenty more that haven’t even come into view yet. What
grabbed them was the realization that Allaah Almighty clearly knew how
abusive unguided man would be to his planetary home.
Just
look at what we have brought upon ourselves and our innocent fellows in
creation in but the last handful of decades. Perhaps this is why I too
now find reading the Quran's beautiful, moving, and harrowing
"environmental" verses so spiritually and intellectually uplifting.
Allaah Almighty Says what means: “The creation of the heavens and earth is greater than the creation of mankind, but most of the people do not know.” [Quran 40:57] Or: “And
there is no creature on [or within] the earth or bird that flies with
its wings except [that they are] communities like you. We have not
neglected in the Register a thing. Then unto their Lord they will be
gathered.” [Quran 6:38]
In
light of the unprecedented environmental crises we are facing today, I
thought to speak to a bit of what Islam has to offer man to help him get
the balance back in his life and restore his intimate and timeless
relationship with creation. I call them Islam’s Five Environmental
Commandments:
One: Man is part of the environment
Man,
literally in sum and substance, is of the environment. Thus he must
feel and live in harmony with it. Both man and his environment are the
creation of the God—and both are worshippers of Him—with the technical
exception that man has the will to refuse to worship and obey God
willingly, though he does it unwillingly from moment to moment. Allaah
Says what means “The seven heavens and the
earth and whatever is in them exalt Him. And there is not a thing except
that it exalts [Allaah] by His praise, but you do not understand their
[way of] exalting. Indeed, He is ever Forbearing and Forgiving.” [Quran
17:44] And even though the earth and surroundings were created long
before man, the end of both is virtually synchronous—the end of
time—hence, the implicit benefit to man for leading an environmentally
friendly lifestyle. A corollary of this determinant is that the
environmental crisis is a human matter and cooperation on meeting its
challenges should, therefore, not be hampered by religious or other
differences.
Two: Man is trustee of the environment
Man
has accepted God's decree of Khilaafah (vicegerency, read verse 2:30),
which makes him responsible to use the environment to achieve his
God-given purpose in this life, with the condition that he maintains it
for future generations, which have as much right to it as their
predecessors. The Prophet 
said: “People (past and future generations included) share alike in water, air, and herbage." [Abu Daawood]
Three: Man shall be fair to the environment
Man
cannot, and will not, fulfill or be true to his custodianship of the
earth without creation-wide fairness. The Quran could not be more
unequivocal when it comes to this principle. Man shall be fair in
leading his life in this world because God created it in a balanced
state. Should he fail, unwarranted injustice will lead to creation's
disruption and its inability to continue supporting man's needs for a
hospitable habitation. Read and ponder the import of verses which mean: “The
sun and the moon [move] by precise calculation, and the stars and trees
prostrate. And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance. That you
not transgress within the balance. And establish weight in justice and
do not make deficient the balance.” [Quran 55:5-9]
Four: Man shall not spread mischief in the Land
Man must realize that God forbids harm, big and small, to one's self and all others. The Prophet said: “There is no reason to) harm or reciprocate harm.” [Ibn Maajah] And Allaah Says (what means): “And
cause not corruption upon the earth after its reformation. And invoke
Him in fear and aspiration. Indeed, the mercy of Allaah is near to the
doers of good.” [Quran 7:56] Many scientists and
activists believe that efforts to restore a healthy balance to the
environment will never be achieved to any viable degree in the face of
the unfathomable destruction of our wars of greed.
Five: Man shall follow a model of moderation and conservation
Most
people do not grasp that much of the pollution comes from a culture of
consumerism, whose primary effect is waste. It is unfortunate that
people in the underdeveloped world, including Muslims, have embraced
being consumers and wasters. The Quran is true in depicting this
tendency of man, especially when resources become abundant. Allaah Says
(what means): “Competition in [worldly] increase diverts you. Until you visit the graveyards.” [Quran 102:1-2] But abundance does not justify wastage. God Almighty prohibits this. He Almighty Says what means: “Indeed, the wasteful are brothers of the devils, and ever has Satan been to his Lord ungrateful.” [Quran
17:27] Insatiable pursuit of increased materials combined with
technological advancement has given some nations unprecedented control
over man and his environment. But history tells us that these are signs
that civilizations are doomed to perish.
The facts of life, confirmed by science
Materialist
philosophy lies at the basis of the theory of evolution. Materialism
rests on the supposition that everything that exists is matter.
According to this philosophy, matter has existed since eternity, will
continue to exist forever and there is nothing but matter. In order to
provide support for their claim, materialists use logic called
“reductionism”. This is the idea that things which are not observable,
can also be explained by material causes.
To
make matters clearer, let us take the example of the human mind. It is
evident that the mind cannot be touched or seen. Moreover, it has no
center in the human brain. This situation unavoidably leads us to the
conclusion that the mind is a concept beyond matter. Therefore, the
being which we refer to as “I,” who thinks, loves, gets nervous,
worries, feels pleasure or pain, is not a material being in the same way
as a sofa, a table or a stone.
Materialists,
however, claim that mind is “reducible to matter.” According to the
materialist claim, thinking, loving, worrying and all our mental
activities are nothing but chemical reactions taking place between the
atoms in the brain. Feelings of love and fear are merely chemical
reactions in some cells in our brain. The famous materialist philosopher
Karl Vogt stressed this logic with his famous words: “Just as the liver
secretes gall, so do our brains, secrete thought.” (Encyclopedia
Britannica). However, gall is matter, whereas there is no evidence that
thought is the same.
One
of the most prominent features of this picture is “information” which
is present in nature and can never be reduced to matter.
Matter cannot produce information
There
is incredibly comprehensive information contained in the DNA of living
things. Something as small as a hundred thousandth of a millimeter
contains a sort of “data bank” that specifies all the physical details
of the body of a living thing. Moreover, the body also contains a system
that reads this information, interprets it and carries out “production”
in line with it. In all living cells, the information in the DNA is
“read” by various enzymes and proteins are produced according to this
information. This system makes the production of millions of proteins
possible every second, with the required type of protein for specific
places needed in our bodies. In this way, dead eye cells are replaced by
living ones and old blood cells by new ones.
At
this point, let us consider the claim of Materialism: Is it possible
that the information in DNA could be reduced to matter, as materialists
suggest? Or, in other words, can it be accepted that DNA is merely a
collection of matter, and the information it contains came about as a
result of the random interactions of such pieces of matter?
All the scientific research, experiments and observations carried out in the 20th
century CE show that the answer to this question is a definite “No.”
The director of the German Federal Physics and Technology Institute,
Professor Dr. Werner Gitt has this to say on the issue: “A coding system
always entails a nonmaterial intellectual process. A physical matter
cannot produce an information code. All experiences show that every
piece of creative information represents some mental idea-giver who
exercised his own free will, and who is endowed with an intelligent
mind. There is no known law of nature, no known process and no known
sequence of events which can cause information to originate by itself in
matter.” (Werner Gitt. In the Beginning Was Information).
Werner
Gitt’s words summarize the conclusions of the “information theory”
which has been developed in the last 50 years and is accepted as a part
of thermodynamics. Information theory investigates the origin and nature
of the information in the universe. The conclusion reached by
information theoreticians as a result of long studies is that
“Information is something different from matter. It can never be reduced
to matter. The origin of information and physical matter must be
investigated separately.”
For
instance, let us think of the source of a book. A book consists of
paper, ink and the information it contains. Paper and ink are material
elements. Their source is matter: Paper is made of cellulose and ink of
certain chemicals. However, the information in the book is non-material
and cannot have a material source. The source of the information in each
book is the mind of the person who wrote it.
Moreover,
this mind determines how paper and ink will be used. A book initially
forms in the mind of the writer. The writer builds a chain of logic in
his mind and orders his sentences. As a second step, he puts them into a
material form, which is to say that he translates the information in
his mind into letters, using a pen, a typewriter or a computer. Later,
these letters are printed in a publishing house and take the shape of a
book made up of papers and ink.
We
can therefore state this general conclusion: “If physical matter
contains information, then that matter must have been designed by a mind
that possessed the information in question. First, there is the mind.
That mind translates the information it possesses into matter, which
constitutes the act of design.”
The origin of information in Nature
When
we apply this scientific definition of information to Nature, a very
important result ensues. This is because Nature overflows with an
immense body of information (for example in the case of DNA, and since
this information cannot be reduced to matter, it therefore comes from a
source beyond matter.) This fact is revealed as in the following verse
in the Quran (which means): “They said: ‘Exalted
are You! We have no knowledge except what You have taught us. Indeed, it
is You who is the Knowing, the Wise.’” [Quran 2: 32]
One
of the foremost advocates of the theory of evolution, George C.
Williams, admits this reality, which most materialists and evolutionists
are reluctant to see. Williams has strongly defended Materialism for
years, but in an article he wrote in 1995, he states the incorrectness
of the materialist (reductionist) approach which holds everything is
matter: “Evolutionary biologists have failed to realize that they work
with two more or less incommensurable domains: that of information and
that of matter. These two domains will never be brought together in any
kind of the sense usually implied by the term “reductionism.” The gene
is a package of information, not an object. In biology, when you are
talking about things like genes and genotypes and gene pools, you are
talking about information, not physical objective reality. This dearth
of shared descriptors makes matter and information two separate domains
of existence, which have to be discussed separately, in their own
terms.” (George C. Williams. The Third Culture: Beyond the Scientific
Revolution).
Therefore,
contrary to the supposition of materialists, the source of the
information in nature cannot be matter itself. The source of information
is not matter, but a superior Wisdom beyond matter. This Wisdom existed
prior to matter. Matter was brought into existence, given form and
organized by the Creator of the Heavens, the Earth and all that exists.
Harvesting the Chaff
Despite
the improvement of the economic conditions of workers in Europe, the
socio-economic status of the woman is still critical. The woman still
earns half of the salary of the man in most fields of work, if not all.
If a woman wants to marry, she has to relinquish her name and the name
of her father to become a subordinate to her husband even if in terms of
name. In many cases, she has no right to dispose of her property except
with the permission of her husband. Many readers will be astonished to
know that it is the woman in many cultures who pays the dowry to the
man, not vice versa -- although many Westerners nowadays do not follow
this practice. Moreover, the man is not responsible for the financial
maintenance of his wife.
On
the other hand, Islam gave the woman her independent character and
identity. She cannot be married except after her permission and consent.
She does not change her name, but keeps her father's name and family
name after marriage. She has the complete authority to dispose of her
property without taking her husband’s permission. She does not have to
support herself or her children financially even if she is rich and her
husband is poor. If she spends any money, then it is considered as
charity given to her husband or a debt that he has to pay back when he
has the means to do so.
The
status of the Western woman, who still struggles to earn her living in
return for mean wages that men would not usually accept, is pathetic.
Because
of the deteriorating economic and social conditions, she has become an
easy prey to the middlemen of the international prostitution trade. She
is also used to promote goods. We always find the photo of a charming
woman in advertisements even if the advertisement has nothing to do with
women.
The
commercial mind thinks actively and employs a group of women in stores
and offices under the supervision of a man or two men in order to
regulate work and intellectually, physically and sexually dominate the
women.Because of these deteriorating conditions, the woman suffers from
loneliness, from which she escapes into the arms of any man, who soon
gets bored with her and takes another. The woman has to take
contraceptive pills early. As a result, officials in the West have found
themselves obliged to teach schoolgirls how to use contraceptives.
Nevertheless, there are thousands of young girls who become pregnant
every year due to their inadequate knowledge about contraceptives.
Therefore, mentors and officials instituted programs to teach the use of
contraceptives in secondary schools, then in preparatory schools and
finally in primary schools when they found that very young girls fall
prey to pregnancy the most. Officials are not concerned with the spread
of fornication and prostitution; rather, their concern is focused on
circulating contraceptives among children.
Western
laws had to legalize abortion, even if they did so reluctantly. Cases
of abortion spread to the extent that a million cases of abortion take
place every year in the US. About the same number of abortions takes
place in Europe.
Statistics
reveal that most suicide cases take place among young girls who live an
anxious desperate life. For the first time in the history of medicine,
collective cases of cruel battering of young children have appeared.
These cases mostly end up in death or in physical and mental damage.
The
woman brought all these calamities and afflictions upon herself through
the misfortune of her going out of her home to work in offices and
factories. Actually, we are doing the European woman an injustice,
because she did not work outside her home willingly. She was forced to
go outside her home to work in search of a living after the capitalists
demolished the family by taking the father to the furnace of the
factories and the cellars of mines. The woman, at that time, had to go
out searching for provision. Hands received her and desires exploited
her. In order to achieve the goals of the Jews, all means of treachery,
apparent and hidden means of crime were used to demolish values and
morals and increase the unending greed of the capitalists.
Sunday, February 26, 2012
Evolution forgeries
There
is no concrete fossil evidence to support the “ape-man” image, which is
unceasingly indoctrinated by the media and evolutionist academic
circles. With brushes in their hands, evolutionists produce imaginary
creatures, yet the fact that these drawings have no matching fossils
constitutes a serious problem for them. One of the interesting methods
they employ to overcome this problem is to “produce” the fossils they
cannot find. 'The Piltdown Man' -- the biggest scandal in the history of
science, is a typical example of this method.
Piltdown Man: An orang-utan's jaw and a human skull!
A well-known doctor and amateur
paleoanthropologist, Charles Dawson, came out with an assertion that he
had found a jawbone and a cranial fragment in a pit in Piltdown, England in 1912 CE. ُُEven
though the jawbone was more ape-like, the teeth and the skull were like
a man’s. These specimens were labeled the “Piltdown Man.” Alleged to
be 500,000 years old, they were displayed as an absolute proof of human
evolution in several museums. For more than 40 years, many scientific
articles were written on the “Piltdown Man,” many interpretations and
drawings were made and the fossil was presented as an important evidence
of human evolution. No less than 500 doctoral theses were written on
the subject.
The famous American
paleo-anthropologist Henry Fairfield Osborn said: “…we have to be
reminded over and over again that Nature is full of paradoxes and this
is an astonishing finding about early man…” while he was visiting the
British Museum in 1935 CE.
In 1949 CE, Kenneth Oakley from the British Museum’s
paleontology department attempted to try the method of “fluorine
testing,” a new test used for determining the date of some old fossils. A
trial was made on the fossil of the Piltdown Man. The result was
astounding. During the test, it was realised that the jawbone of the
Piltdown Man did not contain any fluorine. This indicated that it had
remained buried no more than a few years. The skull, which contained
only a small amount of fluorine, showed that it was only a few thousand
years old.
The latest chronological studies
made with the fluorine method have revealed that the skull is only a few
thousand years old. It was determined that the teeth in the jawbone
belonging to an orang-utan had been worn down artificially and that the
“primitive” tools discovered with the fossils were simple imitations
that had been sharpened with steel implements. In the detailed analysis
completed by Weiner, this forgery was revealed to the public in 1953 CE.
The skull belonged to a 500-year-old man and the mandibular bone
belonged to a recently dead ape!
The teeth were thereafter specially
arranged in an array and added to the jaw and the joints were filed in
order to resemble that of a man. Then all these pieces were stained with
potassium dichromate to give them a dated appearance. These stains
began to disappear when dipped in acid. Le Gros Clark, who was in the
team that disclosed the forgery could not hide his astonishment at this
situation and said that “the evidences of artificial abrasion
immediately sprang to the eye. Indeed so obvious did they seem it may
well be asked – how was it that they had escaped notice before?” In the
wake of all this, “Piltdown Man” was hurriedly removed from the British Museum where it had been displayed for more than 40 years.
Nebraska Man: The phantom who was born from a pig’s tooth!
In 1922 CE, Henry Fairfield Osborn, manager of the American Museum of Natural History, declared that he had found a fossil molar tooth in West Nebraska
near Snake Brook belonging to the Pliocene period. This tooth allegedly
bore the common characteristics of both man and ape. Deep scientific
arguments began, in which some interpreted this tooth to be of
Pithecanthropus erectus while others claimed it was closer to human
beings. This fossil which aroused extensive debate was called the
“Nebraska Man.” It was also immediately given a “scientific name”:
Hesperopithecus haroldcooki.
Many authorities gave Osborn their
support. Based on this single tooth, reconstructions of the Nebraska
Man’s head and body were drawn. Moreover, the Nebraska Man was even
pictured along with his wife and children, as a whole family in a
natural setting.
All of these scenarios were
developed from just one tooth. Evolutionist circles accredited this
“ghost man” to such an extent that when a researcher named William Bryan
opposed these biased decisions relying on a single tooth, he was
harshly criticized.
In 1927 CE, other parts of the
skeleton were also found. According to these newly-discovered pieces,
the tooth belonged neither to a man nor to an ape. It was realized that
it belonged to an extinct species of wild American pig called
Prosthennops. William Gregory entitled his article published in Science
magazine where he announced this fault as: “Hesperopithecus: Apparently
not an ape nor a man.” Then all the drawings of Hesperopithecus
haroldcooki and “his family” were hurriedly removed from evolutionary
literature.
Ota Benga: The African in the cage
After Darwin
advanced the claim with his book The Descent of Man that man evolved
from ape-like living beings, he started to seek fossils to support this
contention. However, some evolutionists believed that “half-man
half-ape” creatures were to be found not only in the fossil record, but
also alive in various parts of the world. In the early 20th
century CE, these pursuits for “living transitional links” led to
unfortunate incidents, one of the cruelest of which is the story of a
Pygmy by the name of Ota Benga.
Ota Benga was captured in 1904 CE by an evolutionist researcher in the Congo.
In his own tongue, his name meant “friend”. He had a wife and two
children. Chained and caged like an animal, he was taken to the USA
where evolutionist scientists displayed him to the public in the St
Louis World Fair along with other ape species and introduced him as “the
closest transitional link to man.” Two years later, they took him to
the Bronx Zoo in New York
and there they exhibited him under the denomination of “ancient
ancestors of man” along with a few chimpanzees, a gorilla named Dinah
and an orang-utan called Dohung. Dr. William T. Hornaday, the zoo’s
evolutionist director gave long speeches on how proud he was to have
this exceptional “transitional form” in his zoo and treated caged Ota
Benga as if he were an ordinary animal. Unable to bear the treatment he
was subjected to, Ota Benga eventually committed suicide.
The ‘Piltdown Man’, the ‘Nebraska
Man’, Ota Benga…. These scandals demonstrate that evolutionist
scientists do no hesitate to employ any kind of unscientific method to
prove their theory. Bearing this point in mind, when we look at the
other so-called evidence of the “human evolution” myth, we confront a
similar situation. Here, there is a fictional story and an army of
volunteers ready to try everything to verify this story.
A Jewish American Embraces Islam
I
saw her radiant face in a mosque that is located on a hill in a small
American state, reciting a translation of the Noble Quran. I greeted her
and she returned the greeting warmly and cheerfully; we got talking and
became good friends in no time. One night, we were on the shore of a
beautiful lake, where she related to me the story of her conversion to
Islam. I want to share her experience with you, dear readers, so we can
deduce some wisdom from it.
The sister, who was a new Muslim, related,
"I
grew up in the Jewish American home of a dysfunctional and broken
family; after my parents' divorce, my father married another woman. My
stepmother tortured and mistreated me a lot; this drove me to run away
from home when I was seventeen. I moved to another state where I met
some young Arab men who were, as my homeless friends told me,
'generous'. All a girl needed to do was to give one of them a smile and
she would find someone to buy her dinner and offer her a cozy place and a
comfortable bed to spend the night.
“I
followed in the footsteps of my homeless girlfriends, but at the end of
each night I would run away; for I did not like such illicit
relationships and I hated Arabs. Nonetheless, I was not happy with my
life at all and I never felt safe or secure; I was haunted all the time
by distress and a sense of loss.
“At
this stage of my life I resorted to religion, to relish the sweetness
and warmth of spirituality, hoping to find in it the motivation to keep
me going in my harsh life; however, I found my religion, Judaism,
unconvincing. I found it a religion that does not respect women or
humanity. I realized that Judaism is a selfish religion that fosters
backwardness; I did not find in it my objective, for I do not believe in
superstition or myths, so I embraced Christianity.
"However,
in Christianity I found even more contradictions and unbelievable
things which Christians were expected to believe in without questioning.
I frequently asked questions such as: how could the Lord kill His son?
How could the Lord have a son in the first place? How can one believe in
three gods and not even be able to see any of them?I
was bewildered and perplexed at all these unanswerable questions, so I
gave up Christianity, yet I always believed that this universe,
definitely, has a Creator. I used to spend my nights thinking and
pondering on this thought until morning.
"One bleak
and gloomy night when it was almost dawn, I was about to commit suicide
due to my state of depression. I hit rock bottom and nothing in the
world made sense to me anymore. It was raining heavily that night and
thick clouds had gathered, enveloping my universe as if they were
imprisoning me. Watching the trees around me, I felt as if the crowding
trees were looking at me furiously and the drops on rain were playing a
hideous and dull melody, as I peered out of the window of an abandoned
house.
"For
some reason I found myself praying to God, saying: ‘O my Lord, I know
that You are out there… I know that You love me… I am a prisoner… I am
one of your weak creatures; guide me to the right path. O my Lord,
either guide me or let me die.’ I kept praying and crying bitterly that
night until I fell asleep and in the morning, I woke up with a cheerful
heart, but I did not know the reason behind this unfamiliar feeling. I
went out on my daily pursuit of livelihood. Perhaps I would find a young
man to pay for my breakfast, or wash his dishes and earn some money.
"Then,
I met a young Arab man and we talked and talked for a very long time.
After breakfast, he asked me to go with him to his home and live with
him. I accepted his offer and went with him.
“While
we were having lunch, drinking and laughing, a bearded young man named
Sa’d – as I came to know later when my Arab friend called out his name
in surprise – visited us. This bearded young man took my friend by the
hand and drove him away. I stayed there shaking; there I was, face to
face with a terrorist! However, he did not do anything scary but
politely asked me to go home. I told him that I had no home; he looked
at me sadly and I saw on his face how he pitied me, and said, ‘Alright,
you can stay here for tonight’ – since it was bitterly cold outside –
‘but you should leave tomorrow. Take this money to live on until you
find a job.’
"He
headed towards the door, so I asked him to stop and said, ‘Thank you!
Please stay; I will leave, but I want to ask you a favor: could you tell
me why you did what you did with me and your friend?" He lowered his
gaze while he spoke to me, saying, ‘It is Islam; it forbids what is
unlawful and makes permissible what is lawful. It also forbids sitting
in seclusion with a non-Mahram (marriageable) woman and drinking
alcohol, and Muslims are enjoined to treat people kindly and adopt high
morals.’
“I
was perplexed and surprised at his answer; were these the Muslims who
were being called terrorists? I thought they carried guns and killed
everybody they met; for this was the image drawn by the American media
of Muslims. I told him, ‘I would like to know more about Islam, can you
tell me?’ He responded, ‘I will take you to a religious Muslim family
and I know that they will teach you Islam in the best way.’
“The next day at
ten o'clock, he took me to this Muslim family who welcomed me warmly. I
kept asking them about Islam and Dr. Sulaymaan, the head of the family,
answered me until I was totally satisfied and convinced with everything
he said about Islam. At that moment, I knew that I had found what I was
looking for: a clear and straightforward religion that is compatible
with common sense and I did not find any difficulty in believing what I
heard about it; it was the truth.
“That
day, I felt ecstatic and savored a sense of bliss when I announced I
had embraced Islam, and wore the Hijaab immediately on the same day!
“Late
that evening, Dr. Sulaymaan's wife took me to the best room in the
house and told me, ‘This is your room and you are welcome to stay here
as long as you wish.’ She saw me looking out of the window, smiling with
tears running down my cheeks. She inquired about the reason behind my
tears. I said, 'Yesterday, exactly at this time, I was standing next to a
window, praying to Allaah The Almighty and imploring Him either to show
me the right way or let me die. He guided me to the Right Path and now I
am an honorable Muslim woman who knows her Lord, her Creator and knows
the path that leads to Him; Islam is the path to Allaah.’ Dr.
Sulaymaan's wife burst into tears and hugged me affectionately."
The Unique Characteristics of Our Civilization - II
4.
The fourth of these characteristics is that it believes in knowledge in
the truest sense, based on belief in the purest principles. So it
addressed the rational mind and the heart at the same time, it provoked
emotions and thought at the same time. This is an advantage that has not
been shared by any other civilization in history. The reason why this
particular characteristic of our civilization is to be so admired is
because it was able to establish a state system based on principles of
truth and justice, based on religion and belief without religion
becoming an obstacle to the development of the state and the progress of
the civilization. Rather religion was one of the greatest factors in
its development. From the mosques of Baghdad, Damascus, Cairo, Cordoba
and Granada the rays of knowledge shone into all parts of the world.
Islamic civilization is the only one in which religion was not separated
from the state even though it was spared the misery that resulted from
the mixing of the two as happened in Europe in the Middle Ages. The head
of state was the Caliph and a leader of the believers (Ameer Al-Mu’mineen),
but he ruled in accordance with the truth, and legislation was left to
those scholars who were specialized in that field. Each group of
scholars had its field of specialization, and all of them were equal
before the law. Superiority was determined by one's level of taqwa (piety) and service to people:
The Prophet said: “By Allaah, if Faatimah the daughter of Muhammad were to steal, Muhammad would certainly cut off her hand.”
This
is the religion on which our civilization is based; no special
privileges and immunities are there for a chief (Caliph, President,
Prime Minister), a clergyman, noble or rich…
Allaah Almighty Says what means: {Say, “I am only a man like you…"{[Quran 18: 110]
5.
The last of these unique characteristics of our civilization is this
amazing religious tolerance which has never been seen in any other
civilization that was based on religion. If a person does not believe in
any religion or any god, it is not strange for him to regard all
religions as being equal and to treat the followers of all religions
fairly; but if a person follows a religion and believes that his
religion is true and that his belief is the best of beliefs, then he
wields the sword and conquers cities, taking power and sitting in the
position of a judge, but his belief in his religion and his pride in his
belief does not cause him to be unfair in his judgments or to deviate
from the path of justice, or force people to follow his religion... it
is strange to find such a man in history, so how about an entire
civilization which is based on religion but was the most tolerant, just,
compassionate and humane civilization known to history! This is how our
civilization was, and we will mention dozens of examples later on. It
is sufficient here to note that our civilization is unique in history
because it was established by one religion but it was for all religions.
These
are some of the unique features of our civilization when compared to
the history of other civilizations. Hence, it was admired by the whole
world and loved by free and intelligent people of all races and
religions, at the time when it was strong and when it was ruling,
directing, educating and teaching people. When it collapsed and was
succeeded by another civilization, the way in which people looked at it
changed. Some began to look down on it and others admired it. Some spoke
of its virtues and some went to extremes in criticizing it. Thus, the
views of western researchers differ concerning our civilization. They
would not have done that were it not for the fact that they — the ones
who set the standards and whose opinions are followed are in a position
of strength and are behind the steering wheel of civilization nowadays,
whereas those who are being judged, along with their civilization, are
in a position of weakness and are the ones whom the strong are planning
to rob of their resources and to rule their country with avarice.
Perhaps this is the attitude of the strong towards the weak, whom they
despise and belittle. This is what the strong have always done
throughout history, apart from us when we were strong, for we were fair
towards people, strong and weak alike, and we acknowledged virtue in
easterners and westerners alike. Our history of exemplary
characteristics includes fairness in judgment, purity of intention and
sincerity of conscience.
It
is unfortunate that we did not really notice the bias of the strong
against us, or their unfairness in judging our civilization. Many of
them were either religious fanatics whose prejudice blinded their eyes
to the truth, or nationalist fanatics whose nationalistic pride made
them refuse to attribute anything good to anyone who was not of their
nation. But what is our excuse for being influenced by their view of our
civilization? Why do some of our own people look down on a civilization
to which the whole world bended the knee for many centuries?
Perhaps
the excuse of those who belittle the worth of our civilization is that
it is nothing when compared with the wonders, inventions and scientific
marvels of modem civilization. Even if this is true, it does not justify
looking down on our civilization for two reasons:
1. Every civilization consists of two elements: a spiritual ands ethical element, and a material element.
With
regard to the material element, undoubtedly each civilization
supersedes those that came before. This is one of the laws that Allaah
has decreed for the development of life. It is nonsense to expect an
earlier civilization to have reached the level of material development
of a subsequent civilization; if that were acceptable, then it would be
permissible for us to look down on all the civilizations that came
before our own, because of the things that our civilization has invented
and the means and manifestations of civilization that were not known to
any of the earlier civilizations. So the material element of
civilization can never be the basis for differentiating between them.
It
is the spiritual and ethical element that makes civilizations endure
and enables them to bring happiness to mankind and save mankind from
fear and pain. Our civilization surpasses all previous and subsequent
civilizations in this regard, and it reached a level that has never been
matched in any age of history. This is enough to give our civilization a
lasting impact.
The
purpose of civilization is to enable man to reach the highest degree of
happiness, and in this regard our civilization managed to do what no
other civilization in the east or in the west managed to do.
2. Civilizations
are not measured by materialistic standards or by quantities or areas,
or by luxurious standards of living, food and clothing. Rather they are
measured by the impact they have on human history. The same applies when
we speak of battles and kingdoms; they are not measured by the size of
the battlefield or the numbers of soldiers. The decisive battles of
ancient times or of the Middle Ages cannot be compared to the battles of
the Second World War, for although the numbers of soldiers and the
means of fighting may appear insignificant, they are still regarded as
important historical battles because of their far-reaching effects. The
battle of Cannae in which the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal
defeated the Romans is one of the battles that are still studied in the
military colleges of Europe to this day. The battles of Khaalid ibn
al-Waleed in the conquest of Syria are still studied and admired by
western military experts, and for us they are golden pages in the
history of military conquest in our civilization. The fact that the
battles of Cannae, Badr, Al-Qadisiyah and Hit-teen happened so long ago
does not snake people ignore that they were decisive historical battles.
said: “By Allaah, if Faatimah the daughter of Muhammad were to steal, Muhammad would certainly cut off her hand.”Scientific finds versus speculations of evolutionists
The teeth and claws of Archaeopteryx are no indication that they are descendants of dinosaurs.
The two important points evolutionists rely on
when alleging Archaeopteryx to be a transitional form, are the claws on
the bird’s wings and its teeth.
It is true that Archaeopteryx had claws on its
wings and teeth in its mouth, but these traits do not imply that this
living creature bears any kind of relationship with reptiles. Besides,
two bird species living today, Taouraco and Hoatzin both have claws to
hold on to branches. These creatures are fully birds with no reptilian
characteristics. That is why it is completely groundless to assert that
Archaeopteryx is a transitional form just because of the claws on its
wings.
Neither do the teeth in
Archaeopteryx’s beak imply that it is a transitional form. Evolutionists
make a purposeful trickery by saying that these teeth are
characteristic of reptiles. However, teeth are not a typical
characteristic of reptiles only. Today, some reptiles have teeth while
others do not. Moreover, Archaeopteryx is not the only bird species that
has teeth. It is true that birds with teeth do not exist today, but
when we look at fossil records, we see that both in the same age as
Archaeopteryx and afterwards, and even until fairly recently, a distinct
bird genus existed that could be categorized as “birds with teeth”.
The most important point is that the
teeth structure of Archaeopteryx and other birds with teeth are totally
different from that of their alleged ancestors, the dinosaurs. The
famous ornithologists Martin, Steward and Whetstone observed that
Archaeopteryx and other birds with teeth have teeth with flat top
surfaces and large roots. Yet, the teeth of theropod dinosaurs, the
alleged ancestors of these birds, are protuberant like a saw and have
narrow roots.
The researchers also compared the
wrist bones of Archaeopteryx and their alleged ancestors, the dinosaurs
and observed no similarity between them.
The studies of anatomists like
Tarsitano, Hecht and A.D. Walker revealed that some “similarities”
asserted to have existed between this creature and dinosaurs as put
forward by John Ostrom, a prominent authority who claims that
Archaeopteryx evolved from dinosaurs, were in reality
misinterpretations.
All these findings indicate that
Archaeopteryx was not a transitional link but only a bird that fell into
a category that can be called “birds with teeth.”
Archaeopteryx and other ancient bird fossils
While evolutionists have for decades
been proclaiming Archaeopteryx to be the greatest evidence for their
scenario concerning the evolution of birds, some recently-found fossils
invalidate this claim in other respects.
Lianhai Hou and Zhonghe Zhou, two
paleontologists at the Chinese Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology,
discovered a new bird fossil in 1995 that they named Confuciusornis.
This bird was almost the same age as Archaeopteryx (around 140 million
years old), but it did not have any teeth in its mouth. In addition, its
beak and feathers shared the same features as today’s birds. Having the
same skeletal structure of modern birds, this bird also had claws on
its wings just like Archaeopteryx. The special structure called the
“pygostyle” was present in this bird species that supported the tail
feathers. In short, this bird which was the same age as Archaeopteryx
(considered to be the oldest ancestor of all birds and accepted as a
semi-reptile) looked very much like a modern bird. This fact invalidated
all the evolutionist theses holding Archaeopteryx to be the primitive
ancestor of all birds.
Another fossil unearthed in China in
November 1996, caused even greater confusion. The existence of this 130
million year old bird named Liaoningornis was announced in Science by
Hou, Martin and Alan Feduccia. Liaoningornis had a chest bone on which
the muscles for flight were attached, just like modern birds. This bird
was indistinguishable from modern birds in other respects also. The only
difference was the teeth in its mouth. This showed that birds with
teeth did not have a primitive structure at all, as alleged by
evolutionists. This was stated in an article in Discover: “Whence came
birds? This fossil says that not from dinosaurs.”
Another fossil to refute the
evolutionist claims regarding Archaeopteryx was Eoalulavis. The wing
structure of Eoalulavis, which was said to be 30 million years younger
than Archaeopteryx, was also observed in modern birds that flew slowly.
This proved that 120 million years ago there were birds
indistinguishable from modern birds in many respects flying in the
skies.
These facts once more indicate for
certain that neither Archaeopteryx nor other ancient birds similar to it
were transitional forms. The fossils do not indicate that different
bird species evolved from each other. On the contrary, fossil records
prove that today’s modern birds and some archaic birds like
Archaeopteryx actually lived together at the same time. Yet some of
these bird species like Archaeopteryx and Confuciusornis have become
extinct and only a part of the pre-existing species have been able to
make it to the present day.
In brief, some peculiar features of
Archaeopteryx do not indicate that this living thing is a transitional
form! Stephan Jay Gould and Nailes Eldredge, two Harvard paleontologists
and world famous evolutionists, accept that Archaeopteryx is a “mosaic”
living thing housing various features in its form, yet that it can
never be regarded as a transitional form!
The imaginary bird-dinosaur link
The claim of evolutionists trying to
present Archaeopteryx as a transitional form is that birds have evolved
from dinosaurs. However, one of the most famous ornithologists in the
world, Alan Feduccia from the University of North Carolina, opposes the
theory that birds have a kinship with dinosaurs, despite the fact that
he is an evolutionist himself. Feduccia says on the subject:
"Well, I’ve studied bird skulls for
25 years and I don’t see any similarities whatsoever. I just don’t see
it… The theropod origins of birds, in my opinion, will be the greatest
embarrassment of paleontology of the 20th century."
Larry Martin, a specialist on
ancient birds from the University of Kansas, opposes the theory that
birds come from the same lineage as dinosaurs. While discussing the
contradiction evolution falls into on the subject, Martin states:
"To tell you the truth, if I had to
support the dinosaur origin of birds with those characters, I’d be
embarrassed every time I had to get up and talk about it."
To sum up, the scenario of the
“evolution of birds from dinosaurs” erected solely on the basis of
Archaeopteryx, is nothing more than a product of the prejudices and
wishful thinking of evolutionists.
Thermodynamics falsifies evolution
The Second
law of Thermodynamics, which is accepted as one of the basic laws of
physics, holds that under normal conditions all systems left on their
own will tend to become disordered, dispersed and corrupted in direct
relation to the amount of time that passes. Everything living or
non-living wears out, deteriorates, decays, disintegrates and is
destroyed. This is the absolute end that all beings will face one way or
another and according to this law, this unavoidable process has no
return.
This is something that all of us have observed.
For example if you take a car to a desert and leave it there, you would
hardly expect to find it in a better condition when you come back years
later. On the contrary, you would see that its tyres had gone flat, its
windows had been broken, its chassis had rusted and its motor had
decayed. The same inevitable process holds true for living things.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics is the means by
which this natural process is defined with physical equations and
calculations.
This famous law of physics is also known as “The
Law of Entropy”. Entropy is the range of the disorder involved in a
system in physics. A system’s entropy is increased as it moves towards a
more disordered, dispersed and unplanned state from an ordered,
organized and planned one. The higher a system’s disorder, the higher is
its entropy. The Law of Entropy holds that the entire universe
unavoidably proceeds towards a more disordered, unplanned and
disorganized state.
The validity of the Second Law of Thermodynamics,
or the Law of Entropy, is experimentally and theoretically established.
The most important scientists of our age agree on the fact that The
Entropy Law will preside as the ruling paradigm over the next period of
history. Albert Einstein, the greatest scientist of our age, said that
it is the “premier law of all of science”. Sir Arthur Eddington also
referred to it as the “supreme metaphysical law of the entire universe”.
Evolutionary theory is an assertion that is
advanced by totally ignoring this basic and universally true law of
physics. The mechanism offered by evolution totally contradicts this
law. The theory of evolution says that disordered, dispersed and
inorganic atoms and molecules spontaneously came together in time in a
certain order and plan to form extremely complex molecules such as
proteins, DNA and RNA, after which they gradually brought about millions
of different living species with even more complex structures.
According to the evolutionary theory, this supposed process that yields a
more planned, more ordered, more complex and more organised structure
at each stage has formed all by itself under natural conditions. The Law
of Entropy makes it clear that this so-called natural process utterly
contradicts the laws of physics.
Evolutionist scientists are also aware of this
fact. J.H. Rush states: ''In the complex course of its evolution, life
exhibits a remarkable contrast to the tendency expressed in the Second
Law of Thermodynamics. Where the Second Law expresses an irreversible
progression toward increased entropy and disorder, life evolves
continually higher levels of order. ''
The evolutionist scientist Roger Lewin expresses the thermodynamic impasse of evolution in an article in Science:
"One problem biologists have faced is the apparent contradiction by
evolution of the second law of thermodynamics. Systems should decay
through time, giving less, not more, order."
Another evolutionist scientist, George
Stravropoulos states the thermodynamic impossibility of the spontaneous
formation of life and the unfeasibility of explaining the existence of
complex living mechanisms by natural laws in the well-known evolutionist
magazine American Scientist:
"Yet, under ordinary conditions, no complex
organic molecule can ever form spontaneously but will rather
disintegrate, in agreement with the second law. Indeed, the more complex
it is, the more unstable it is, and the more assured, sooner or later,
is its disintegration. Photosynthesis and all life processes, and life
itself, despite confused or deliberately confusing language, cannot yet
be understood in terms of thermodynamics or any other exact science. "
As acknowledged, the Second Law of Thermodynamics
constitutes an insurmountable obstacle for the scenario of evolution in
terms of both science and logic. Unable to put forth any scientific and
consistent explanation to overcome this obstacle, evolutionists can
only defeat it in their imagination. For instance, the famous
evolutionist Jeremy Rifkin notes his belief that evolution overwhelms
this law of physics with a “magical power”:
"The Entropy Law says that evolution dissipates
the overall available energy for life on this planet. Our concept of
evolution is the exact opposite. We believe that evolution somehow
magically creates greater overall value and order on earth."
These words very well indicate that evolution is totally a dogmatic belief.
The myth of the “Open System”
Confronted by all these truths, evolutionists
have had to take recourse to a mangling of the Second Law of
Thermodynamics, saying that it holds true only for “closed systems” and
that “open systems” are beyond the scope of this law.
An “open system” is a thermodynamic system in
which energy and matter flow in and out, unlike a “closed system”, in
which the initial energy and matter remains constant. Evolutionists hold
that the world is an open system: that it is constantly exposed to an
energy flow from the sun, which leads to the assumption that the law of
entropy does not apply to the world as a whole, and that ordered,
complex living beings can be generated from disordered, simple and
inanimate structures.
However, there is an obvious distortion here. The
fact that a system has an energy inflow is not enough to make that
system ordered. Specific mechanisms are needed to make the energy
functional. For instance, a car needs a motor, a transmission system and
related control mechanisms to convert the energy in gasoline to work.
Without such an energy conversion system, the car will not be able to
use the energy in gasoline.
The same thing applies in the case of life as
well. It is true that life derives its energy from the sun. However,
solar energy can only be converted into chemical energy by the
incredibly complex energy conversion systems in living things (such as
photosynthesis in plants and the digestive systems of humans and
animals). No living thing can live without such energy conversion
systems. Without an energy conversion system, the sun is nothing but a
source of destructive energy that burns, parches or melts.
As may be seen, a thermodynamic system (be it
open or closed) without an energy conversion mechanism of some sort is
not advantageous for evolution. No one asserts that such complex and
conscious mechanisms could have existed in nature under the conditions
of the primeval earth. Indeed, the real problem confronting
evolutionists is the question of how complex energy converting
mechanisms such as photosynthesis in plants, which cannot be duplicated
even with modern technology, could have come into being on their own.
The influx of solar energy into the world has no
effect that would on its own bring order. No matter how high the
temperature may become, amino acids resist forming bonds in ordered
sequences. Energy by itself is not enough to make amino acids form the
much more complex molecules of proteins or for proteins to form the much
complex and organised structures of cell organelles. The real and
essential source of this organization at all levels is conscious design:
in a word, creation.
Do you know this book?
The Quran: Unique among Scriptures
The Quran is the most-read book in the world. Revealed by Allaah Almighty to Prophet Muhammad
in the 7th century CE, and revered by Muslims as being Allaah’s
Final Scripture and Testament, its words have been lovingly recited,
memorized and implemented by Muslims of every nationality ever since.
The faithful are inspired, consoled and often moved to tears by its
eloquence and poetic imagery, especially when recited aloud. And yet,
the Quran is unique in being the only Scripture that is free of
scientific inaccuracies, whose historical authenticity can be verified,
and whose text has been so carefully preserved that just one authorized
version (in Arabic) exists.
The
Quran is also the only holy book that can be memorized in its entirety
by people of all ages and intellectual abilities – including non-Arabic
speakers – which Muslims consider to be one of its miracles. We invite
you to take a few minutes to learn something about a book that is the
foundation of the worldview and culture of almost a quarter of the
people on this planet.
A scientific Scripture for a scientific age
One
of the most remarkable things about the Quran is that it contains many
verses, which accurately describe natural phenomena in various fields
such as embryology, meteorology, astronomy, geology and oceanography.
Scientists have found its descriptions to be inexplicably valid for a
book dating from the 7th century CE; in fact, many of the processes and
functions mentioned in the Quran have been discovered only recently.
This fact alone has been the cause of a number of distinguished
scientists embracing Islam. It also explains why the conflicts that
emerged in Europe
during the Middle Ages between faith and reason, religion and science,
never arose in Islam; the Quran repeatedly encourages people to reflect
and use their intelligence, and most Muslim scientists and inventors
have also been pious believers.
Some
of the Quran’s ‘scientific’ verses include an accurate description of
embryonic development during the first forty days of life; an
explanation that the roots of mountains are like pegs which help to
anchor and stabilize the earth’s crust; that a natural barrier exists
wherever two seas meet (each maintains its own salinity, temperature and
density); that waves occur in layers in the depths of the ocean; that
the heavens and earth were first joined together before being split
apart; and that the heavens emerged from ‘smoke’, i.e. the gases and
dust that characterize nebul as as stars are forming.
The
Quran was never meant to be a ‘science textbook’; whether highlighting
the wonders of nature or the lessons of history, its verses direct us to
reflect on the glory of Allaah. However, no other ancient book or
Scripture is accurate in this way. Muslims believe that this is one of
the Quran’s proofs; one of the things that makes it a credible, ‘living
revelation’ for a modern age, and allows it to reveal itself afresh with
passing time.
The Quran and the development of knowledge
The word ‘Quran’ means ‘recitation’, and the first verse of the Quran revealed by the Angel Gabriel to Prophet Muhammad was a command to recite as in the verse (which means): ‘Read (or recite)! In the name of your Lord…’ This
directive to a man who, like most people of the time, could neither
read nor write, marked the beginning of a new age in human
communication, learning and development. Whereas earlier Scriptures had
been written and passed down by elite circles of priests and scribes –
usually long after the death of the Prophet – the preservation of the
Quran was a community effort from the beginning, and it was completed
during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad .
The early followers of the Prophet
eagerly memorized and recorded each new revelation as it was revealed;
by the time he passed away, thousands had memorized the entire Quran by
heart. Within two years after the death of the Prophet the first Caliph, Abu Bakr 
requested one of the Companions who used to write the revelations for the Prophet, Zayd bin Thaabit
to collect all existing copies and fragments of the Quran in one
place, in order to compile a standard edition. This manuscript became
the basis for the authorized editions that were distributed to each
Muslim province during the rule of ‘Uthmaan the third Caliph. Remarkably, a few of those early manuscripts have been preserved and can still be viewed in museums today.
A book with a message and a purpose
Like all books, the Quran is a means
to convey a message – in this case, a very special message from the
Creator to all humanity. The Quran is an ‘Owner’s manual for the human
being’. Whoever wonders about the purpose of life and their own
existence will find it to be a guide par excellence. Building on prior
revelations, this Final Testament confirms the age-old truths of
previous Scriptures, but clarifies points of faith where error or
confusion have crept into them over the centuries. Those who have read
the Bible will find much that is familiar: descriptions of Allaah’s
creation; stories of the Prophets, may Allaah exalt their mention;
Satan; Angels and the Day of Judgment; moral and ethical guidelines and
spiritual practices like prayer and fasting. Yet the Quran is not just a
re-hashing of old stories, its perspective is unique and fresh, and its
worldview is eminently suited for people of today.
To give one example, according to the Quran, Allaah held Aadam (Adam) 
and Eve jointly responsible for eating from the forbidden tree. No special curse was laid on Eve for leading Aadam astray, and no ‘original sin’ came into being, to be inherited for all time by innocent children. Aadam and Eve simply sought His forgiveness and were forgiven, and Aadam is respected in Islam as the first Prophet.
There
are other important distinctions between the Quran and the Bible; the
Quran asserts that much of the original books of the Bible and other
Scriptures have been lost or corrupted over time (whether through
warfare, political intrigue, religious schisms or other reasons). One
only has to consider the number of different versions of the Bible in
use today, the lack of ‘first’ originals, and the late discovery of
long-lost Scriptures like the Dead Sea Scrolls to realize that this
viewpoint is an objective one.
The
Quran rejects the concept of salvation or special privilege based on
ethnicity. Allaah does not discriminate on the basis of race or color.
It also denies the need for the sacrifice of innocent life – animal or
human – in order for people to attain salvation. It states that ‘Eesaa
(Jesus)
was not crucified as claimed, but that Allaah saved him from his
enemies, as one would expect of Allaah’s honored and beloved Messenger ;
his life was meant to be an inspiring example. Spiritual salvation is
to be achieved solely through humble repentance, coupled by an attempt
to make amends for one’s sins and a sincere intention not to repeat
one’s mistakes in the future. There is no official priesthood in Islam,
and the Imaam (the person who leads the congregational prayer) is no
more than a knowledgeable prayer-leader and brother in faith; one’s sins
need only be confessed directly to the Creator.
The
Quran’s main message is to call people to turn to the Source of all
being and the Giver of life, and to serve Him with a pure heart, free of
idolatry or superstition. In Islam, ‘One God’ means just that: there is
no concept of Trinity or anything else to complicate one’s
understanding. Like the single nucleus of a cell or an atom, He Alone is
the ‘control center’ behind it all- anything else would lead to chaos
and confusion. Allaah is Unique and without partner; He was not born and
did not give birth; He is All Compassionate and Merciful, Almighty and
Just, and the only One we need to turn to for guidance and help.
Anything that we allow to come between ourselves and our Creator – even
our own egos – is an idol. Wealth, fame, physical attraction and all the
pleasures of this world will someday fade, and we will not be able to
take them with us when we die. Only our faith and good deeds will
remain, to light our graves and be a beacon for us on the Day of
Judgment.
The Quran is the most-read book in the world. Revealed by Allaah Almighty to Prophet Muhammad
in the 7th century CE, and revered by Muslims as being Allaah’s
Final Scripture and Testament, its words have been lovingly recited,
memorized and implemented by Muslims of every nationality ever since.
The faithful are inspired, consoled and often moved to tears by its
eloquence and poetic imagery, especially when recited aloud. And yet,
the Quran is unique in being the only Scripture that is free of
scientific inaccuracies, whose historical authenticity can be verified,
and whose text has been so carefully preserved that just one authorized
version (in Arabic) exists.
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